The Levites were the members of Jewish tribe of Levi .
They were tasked with overseeing tabernacle and the Temple . The priestly line of Aaron (which was part of a group whose members were called Levites and Cohanim ) was the one who actually took care of ritual sacrifices, while the other Levites were tasked to sing, to play and watch. The Levites are described as the guardians of God , its army personnel carrying bare the ark of the covenant. We read in the Gospel of Luke: "25 a certain lawyer stood up to test him, "Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?". 26 Jesus said to him: "What is written in the law? How do you read?". 27 He replied: " You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind and your neighbor as yourself . 28 And Jesus: "You have answered correctly , 'do this and you will live. "
29 But he, desiring to justify himself, said to Jesus:" Who is my neighbor? ". 30 Jesus replied
" A man went down from Jerusalem to Jericho and fell among robbers who stripped him, beat him and went away, leaving him half dead. 31 by chance a priest was going down that road and when you saw him he passed by on the other part. 32 likewise a Levite, came to the place and saw him, passed on. 33 But a Samaritan, as he journeyed, passed by saw him and had compassion. 34 He went to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring oil and wine, and then, on his own beast and brought him to an inn and took care of him. 35 The next day he took out two denarii and gave them, saying: Take care of him and what more you spend, I will repay you when I return. 36 of these three do you think was neighbor to him who fell among thieves? ". 37 he said," Who showed mercy him. "Jesus said to him: 'Go and do thou also likewise'.
| Distance: | 14.225 + 12.700 km | |
| Time: | 1 00 '00''+ 1 30' 00'' | |
| Average Speed: | 14.23 + 8.47 km / h |
| km course in the last 6 months: | 1538.137 | |
| km course in the last 12 months: | 3062.283 |
| Distance: 15.383 km | ||
| Time: | 1 05 '00'' | |
| Average Speed: | 14.20 km / h |
| km course in the last 6 months: | 1511.212 | |
| km course in the last 12 months: | 3052.978 |
| Distance: 27.120 km | ||
| Time: | 2 06 '00'' | |
| Average Speed: | 12.91 km / h |
| km course in the last 6 months: | 1495.829 | |
| km course in the last 12 months: | 3052.775 |
pessimistic forecast on the future of the giant African prisoner of reserves too tight for his vital needs and Elephant Man: There is a dramatic living 'a dark future for the African elephant. If I think of him with the mentality' of 'ecologist, I can not see how the difficulty' of living with our species descended from a certain similarity of the roles in the same ecosystem. Tendency to dominance, intelligence, requires 'a large amount of' resource, a propensity for the population explosion, these are the main similarities. And 'this reality': the elephant and man, in Africa, are ill-bear 'cause, in some respects, overlap. This' is tragically more and more 'obvious now that, at least in part, the problem of trafficking in ivory and' resolved. And I write some reference to international conventions, now that the elephant while remaining sufficiently protect the poaching and illegal trade. The fact is that the elephants were slaughtered for the ivory taken today are still 'cause overflow from protected areas. The barriers that tend to avoid that such areas under cultivation, interfere with their behavior, prevent migration, make it, in many cases, "problem animals" harmful and dangerous. On the other hand, protected areas reserved for them are quantitatively inadequate, and these animals are endangered, paradoxically, find themselves living in a state of overcrowding that depresses the same biodiversity 'of the protected area. Difficult to do something long-term program on the African continent, who lives in a state of instability 'political and guerrilla wars, the need' to find solutions to current human population in a dramatic increase in population, with the ruling classes often unprepared to decline an acceptable economic and ecology. This pessimism about the future of the African elephant, I suddenly (or at least I had confirmation) by Joyce Poole's essay "Back to Africa" \u200b\u200band that 'just been published by Mondadori. Joyce Poole and 'un'etologa who did field research on the behavior of the elephant for a couple of decades, and that for some time takes care in a practical way of preserving this species. Knowledge about the behavior are essential for groped, somehow, to manage this complex species. The socialist 'based on matriarchy leads to a peculiar spatial distribution of individuals who, because of the high sociality', and altruism, must always be considered as part of a complex group where all social classes have to find a representation. The hunt for ivory in the light, however, has not only dramatically to the disappearance of the old males, but also the great matriarchs, often resulting in unbalanced situations capable, in many cases, to cause even more suffering and dangerous behavioral disturbances. But there 'more'. The ethological research more 'advanced features in fact a portrait of the African elephant who can' put subtle ethical problems to anyone in need 'with plans to intervene drastically euphemistically called a marquee. In the essay above mentioned are some chapters that make the point on the structure of thought, the so-called elephant telepathy (communication with infrasound), the ability 'of awareness (the recognition by the thinking subject of its own acts or affections), empathy (the ability' of a conscious being with the imagination to project itself into the consciousness of another entity 'living ). And finally, impressively, the ability to 'recognize the death and put in place, against a dead conspecific, a ritual' that addresses a grave with branches. Well, not 'only a partially overlapping roles in the context of ecology to pose problems to our relationship with this extraordinary pachyderm, and' the recognition of higher-order ethological characteristics. And what 'and that' extraordinary 'that apparently even the elephant receives some kind of affinity 'intellectual, perhaps sympathetic, with our species. And this is especially noticeable when an elephant comes across a human corpse. 'Cause our species reappear only with the rituals dedicated to dead elephants. Ultimately there is 'a lot to think sull'etologia and ecology of the African elephant,' cause this species runs the risk that we alert you to those who run our own. Once there was talk of centrality 'meaning the man's dominance over nature. Now, I think, no more 'sense to think in these terms. The central 'man, if anything, can not today' that identify with other attributes such as responsibility ', and awareness. Those who struggle to save the elephant means do so to save ourselves .*
Danilo Mainardi
Probably many of you know this well picture, icon and symbol became the face of ' Africa devastated by war, famine, disease McCurry or Vietnamese girl Kim Phuc in fleeing from a napalm bombing of her village, photographed by Nick Ut , Pulitzer Prize 1972. Also this
photos taken in March 1993 during the civil war in Sudan from the South African photojournalist Kevin Carter won the Pulitzer in 1994, but just two months later Kevin Carter committed suicide and a lot of questions died with him. This little girl marked by hardship, helpless, curled up on itself the target of a vulture patient and relentless, has toured the world for its explosive force and the critical mosse al suo
autore, che è stato a lungo immobile a guardare la scena per scattare la fotografia ¦ e qualcuno non ha esitato a paragonare all' avvoltoio.
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For professionals, the expenditure on hotel services and food administration are deductible to the extent of 75%. 
inglese Little Ice Age , LIA) è un periodo di tempo che va dall'inizio del XIV secolo alla metà of the nineteenth century [1] [2] [3] where there was a sudden fall in temperature land in 'northern hemisphere . This period was preceded by a long period of relatively high temperatures called Medieval Warm Period . Since 1300
has witnessed a gradual progress of glaciersup to a maximum expansion around the 1850 when temperatures started to increase favoring the withdrawal of the ice. This phase is currently underway and if there will be a change in the near future many glaciers disappear. At first it was believed that the Little Ice Age was a global phenomenon, but now we tend to doubt it. For example, the reconstruction of Northern Hemisphere mean temperatures over the last 1000 years does not show a pronounced cooling. From the data collected it appears that in this period average temperatures are lowered only 1 ° C
about.[4] The debate about the extent of this cooling, as well as the previous heating medieval remains still open and unfinished.
Index The northern hemisphere
The Little Ice Age caused , but are documented in detail only Europe and North America . In the mid-seventeenth century glaciers in the Swiss Alps advanced gradually incorporating farms and destroying entire villages. [5] River Thames
of rivers and canals of the Netherlandsoften froze during the winter and even shoes and people held fairs on the ice. [5] In the winter of 1780 the New York Harbor froze, allowing people to walk from Manhattan to Staten Island. The sea ice surrounding the ' Iceland extended for miles in all directions, preventing access to naval ports of the island. So also in Greenland . In both countries commercial ships from Denmark could not penetrate the earth. This meant that Denmark began to forget the existence of the two islands. We have references 1500 a Danish expedition to Greenland he found completely deserted. In particular, we are reminded of the 'Winter 1709, according to experts, is considered the coldest in 500 years to the European continent. The coldest winters had effects on human life in large and small size. The
famines became more frequent (than the 1315killed 1.5 million people) and deaths from the disease increased. The Little Ice Age can be seen in works of art at the time, for example, dominates the snow many landscapes by the Flemish painter Pieter Brueghel the Elder , who lived between 1525 and 1569. Cause
Scientists have identified some possible causes for the predominant Little Ice Age: The solar . However, in the absence of the elements certain and absolute, there are many other hypotheses that attempt to explain its causes. Various clues emerged as another cause of the Little Ice Age (and the ice ages in general) can be represented by a slowdown in
Gulf Stream and other ocean currents.[6] [7] [8] This current contributes to the mild climate of the Western Hemisphere, it seems that during periods of total glaciation of the planet all the ocean currents had been arrested, and the Little Ice Age may have been caused only by a temporary slowdown of the Gulf Stream, [9] [10] [11] combined with a decrease in solar activity. It is not yet known whether these phenomena are interrelated. Although there are several hypotheses, none of them are still reasonable shared by the scientific community.
It seems, moreover, that a new possible slowdown of the Gulf Stream could influence the global climate or continental within a relatively short period.[12]
 Main article: | solar activity. |
1715, its central range of the Little Ice Age, the sunspots were found unusually few, a few years without detection of any stain (l ' observation of sunspots and their cataloging began around 1610, a few years after the invention of the telescope ). This period of few sunspots is also known as the Maunder Minimum and fits with the period more rigid during the Little Ice Age. It must be said that is not currently known no direct connection between low sunspot number and low-temperature terrestrial [14] [15] but this coincidence suggests that the connection can be. Other indicators of low solar activity during this period are represented by the levels of carbon beryllium -14 and -10. [16] Recent studies by studying ice cores taken from Greenland have led to the Maunder Minimum of the last 1000 years studying '
isotope of beryllium, and this is created by the interaction of cosmic rayswith ice. These studies suggest that variations in solar activity affect Earth's climate in some way causing heating and cooling. As a result, these data further show that the sun has never been so active in the last millennium, as in the past 60 years. [ citation
The Rhone Glacier a century ago (1890-1900). When a volcano erupts , his ashes reach the tops of the ' atmosphere and from there expand to the entire Earth . These clouds of ash can block part of solar radiation, causing a cooling of the climate that can last up to two years by the eruption. The eruptions also emit sulfur form of gas SO 2 . When this gas reaches the stratosphere turns into sulfuric acid particles that reflect sunlight, thus increasing the reduction of solar radiation reaching the Earth's soil. The eruption of the volcano in 1815
Tambora in Indonesia whitewashed the atmosphere with his ashes, the following year, 1816 , is known as the 'year without summer : frost and snow were reported in June and July both in New England and North Europe. [5] End of Little Ice Age
A spectacular example of this phenomenon is visible in the upper
Rhone Valley.
| | " Or 'a Dolcino, then that between armed themselves, you that maybe you'll see the sun in short, if he does not want here soon follow me, So with provisions that of snow does not contain the victory Noarese, else may gain would not be slight. |
| | Inferno XXVIII |
| Distance: 12.459 km | ||
| Time: | 1 01 '00'' | |
| Average Speed: | 12.25 km / h |
| km course in the last 6 months: | 1464.207 | |
| km course in the last 12 months: | 3042.570 |
Gherardino followers begin to flow (which, however, always refused to be considered "head", in homage to a full design community and anti-hierarchical), and the popular consensus is growing gradually, so that the ranks are swelling of the Apostles and many, men and women participating in this movement. Gherardino in its simplicity, is a great communicator: the adherents of the movement are deprived of their clothes and wearing a white tunic (the only thing I have), they refuse even, almsgiving, bread unnecessary that can not be consumed immediately He presents himself in the public square at the breast of a woman like a newborn baby (to symbolize the rebirth of the Christian spirit in a new era of total purity), is preaching in church even children. In short, the content of the message of the Apostles (which are also called "minimum" to mark the difference with the minor-Franciscans who are were supplemented, after betraying the teachings of their founder, Francis of Assisi, in the mechanisms of power-rich church of Rome), and the forms of preaching gradually get a huge success and popular support, to the extent that people abandon the Catholic rites for mass flow in the "sermons" of the Apostles. Gherardino also sends a different message to deliver Apostolic in distant lands.
This huge success (recognized by the most influential Catholics of the historical sources) can not be tolerated by the Roman church: the mild Gherardino (full peace) is imprisoned, some apostles are burned at the stake, and finally, in 1300, Gherardino itself is burned alive in the public square, in the name of the Lord.
*
But the burning of Gherardino Segarelli, instead of turning off the apostolic movement, for one of those strange "jokes" of history, but marks the beginning of a completely original story, and a lot at stake, in the Italian Middle Ages. Among the many who had come in Emilia from afar to participate in the apostolic movement, there is Dolcino, a native of Prato Sesia (Novara). After the death of its founder, Dolcino actually assumes the role of leader of the movement, whose core "manager" under the pressure of the Inquisition, he moved in 1300 to Emilia Trentino (they are called here, and greeted by their friends and companions). Repression, however, follows them even there, where three apostles (two men and one woman) are put at stake. In 1303/1304 Dolcino here then, with the most loyal group of Apostles (men, women, elderly and children), starting the long journey that will take them through the mountains of Lombardy (at Chiavenna there is still a country called Campodolcino) in Valsesia. Valsesia is the homeland of Dolcino, he has friends here, and it is natural that, to save himself, he thinks this goal. Among the women who are part of this group is the beautiful Margaret of Trent, of noble birth, mate of Dolcino.
Valsesia, however, was long in the first open struggle against the feudal lords (Biandrate accounts), then against the towns of the plains (Novara and Vercelli). When the group arrives at the Apostolic Gattinara and Serravalle, centers on the bottom of the valley, and here begins his preaching for a church and a new society, the popular host is enthusiastic. The bishops of Vercelli and Novara, in agreement with the pope, seeing how the advent of the Apostles is a catalyst for stand-alone instance of people Valsesia, then announce a veritable crusade to eradicate these "children of the devil." It recruited a veritable professional army (even the Genoese archers, skilled in the shooting) to put an end once and for all. The Apostles, this time, combined with Valsesian rebels, decided to defend himself. In 1304 then starts a real guerrilla war between the army and the Christian church Christians who believe in a different and alternative. This was followed by fights and battles, in which Dolcino also gives evidence of considerable military intelligence. The rebels are pushing up the valley and the mountain known as Bald Mountain, which is ideal for defense, are installed with the support of the mountain and founded a real "common" heretical, pending the final outlet that Dolcino educated man, a theologian and philosopher of history, considered imminent. The Crusaders besiege the Bald Mountain, where the rebels are holed up (some sources speak of 4000 people, more than 1,400), and follow each other bloody clashes. The winter, for the rioters, it is terrible. They now live in desperate conditions. Till, led by Margaret in a difficult transition between meters of snow (even now that place is called "crossing the Nun"), succeed in bringing in the Biella Devall. Here they find strength on the Mount by then called the Rebels Mount, or Rubello.
But the crusaders will reorganize and begin a new siege. The rebels are on its last legs, and finally, the last attack causes carnage: about 800 rebels killed on the spot, while Dolcino, Margaret and Longino Cattaneo (lieutenant Dolcino) are caught alive. Longino and Margaret will be placed at the stake in Biella. Margaret refuses to renounce, reject the marriage proposals of some local nobles, who would have saved from the fire, and will choose to remain faithful to his ideal and his companion until the end. Dolcino must first attend to the torture of his wife and then, in Vercelli, will be conducted at the stake is a wagon. During the journey is tortured with burning pincers, but all commentators agree that the extraordinary courage: never complains, but just shrugs when the amputee is the nose and drew a sigh when castrated. Finally, in 1307, even for him the "righteousness" of God is the stake. Three years of armed resistance in the name of Christ, culminating in the flames, but other Dolcinians a bit 'on all sides will continue to exist: we have no information until 1374. Moreover, Dolcino, Margherita and the Apostles become symbols of freedom and emancipation to the present day, and the popular memory will not forget them. As late as 1907 (the sixth centenary of the martyrdom) there will be celebrations of great importance in the construction of a 12-meter-high obelisk on the places of their own last stand.
*
The huge, tragic allure of the story must not overshadowing the historical and theoretical meanings of a movement which, although defeated, he testified the validity and vitality of reading a "different" the Holy Scriptures, pointing to a completely alternative way to build a church and a diverse society. For this Dolcinians bibliography is enormous, and he knew Dolcino arouse the admiration of Dante (Inferno, canto XXVIII).
) is a rational philosophy of religion developed in centuries XVII and XVIII first Britain and later in France and Germany . It can also be seen as a theology reaffirming that the existence of God is configured in terms different from those of the Christian doctrine traditional. In reality it takes some elements of pantheism Spinoza, but confirms the externalities God than the universe. Deism believes that the proper use of reason
enable man to develop a natural religion and rational complete and comprehensive, capable of explaining the world and man. In its various forms it considers the inessential revelation, or independent of it, believing that it is only for the uneducated. The deist theology is therefore based not on their sacred texts but on the right but assumes a priori the ' existence of divinity, as needed basis to explain the order, harmony and regularity in the universe. The concept of deism, that of a highly creative deities, but also ordering and rationalizing, it is immediately usable, within the classification of teoetotomie
and religions and ethnological perspective, this second model to identify than the first . In fact, ateoetotomia divinity not only exerts a creative function but also to censor / supervisor ethical man. This mode of understanding the profile of the deity is a quota arrangements which can be found only on systems of worship associated with social class-models. The transition from model to model teoetotomistici deist - supported from various anthropological evidence - has been invoked to explain the myth of original sin . This socio-cultural transformation can indeed be invoked to interpret the passage from the condition prior to the devoured the apple tree - that is precisely the knowledge of good and evil - in which man, living in contexts was not deistic able to experience the state of knowledge of possible actions and choices to be understood as opposition to the will of the gods (evil) deeds and attitudes of welcome to the same (good). Deistic forms, teoetomistiche not, in fact do not provide any concept of sin / corruption / impurities. This implies that they the ethical sphere is subtracted from the confessional, faith.
Man, therefore, can not know the good and evil. You can immediately identify that value in the name given to the tree in question, that is precisely the
knowledge of good and evil , dall'agiografo. The knowledge of good and evil, real theological categories, it is possible only in a context where the deities emanate rules and laws or ethical principles to which the individual must be followed - on pain of incurring penalties / sentences. The deistic conception, born in an era deeply marked by the wars of religion, will thus, through the use of reason alone, put an end to conflicts between the various revealed religions in the name of quell'univocità of reason, felt, in particular regarding the '
Enlightenment as the only element that can unite all human beings.
| Distance: 17.460 km | ||
| Time: | 1 26 '00'' | |
| Average Speed: | 12.18 km / h |
| km course in the last 6 months: | 1478.528 | |
| km course in the last 12 months: | 3051.411 |
